ሕግ ማርቀቅ አንዱ እና ዋነኛው የሕግ ሙያ ዘርፍ ነው፡፡ ሕግ ማውጣት የሚያስፈልግበት ዋና ዓላማ የመንግስትን ፖሊሲ ለማስፈፀም ነው፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ ሕግ የፖሊሲ ማስፈፀሚያ ተደርጎም ይወሰዳል፡፡ የሕግ አረቃቅ ላይ ሊወሰድ የሚገባው ጥንቃቄ እና የአረቃቅ ሂደቱ ሕጉ ከፀደቀ በኋላ የሚኖረው አተገባበር ላይ ቀጥተኛ የሆነ ተፅእኖ ያለው መሆኑ ይታወቃል፡፡ የሕግ አረቃቀቅ በኢትዮጵያ ወጥነት የሚጎድለው፤ ትኩረት የሚሻ እና በሕግ አግባብ ሊመራ የሚገባ ዘርፍ ነው፡፡አሁን ላይ ይህ ዘርፍ በአገር አቀፍ ደረጃ የሚመራበት አንድ ወጥ የሆነ የሕግ ማዕቀፍ የሌለውም ዘርፍ ነው፡፡ ዘርፉ በዚህ አግባብ የሚመራበት የሕግ ማዕቀፍ አለማግኘቱ በሕጎች አረቃቀቅ ጥረት፤ ወጥነት፤ መናበብ፤ እና አፈፃፀም ላይ የራሱ የሆነን አሉታዊ ተፅእኖ እንዳሳደረ ይታመናል፡፡

"No law, regulation, directive or practice shall, in so far as it is inconsistent with this Proclamation, have force or effect with respect to matters provided for by this Proclamation”.

1. Introduction

Paradoxically, in most modern societies, the larger proportion of the law—delegated legislation—is not made by elected lawmakers or the proper legislature. To an increasing extent, law in these countries is made through the Executive branch, not the parliament. The common practice for Acts of Parliament to bestow power (through empowering acts) to make regulations, particularly to government Ministers, is an obvious manifestation of this development.

This essay examines the normative contemporary constitutional law question ‘how constitutionality of laws is controlled?’ under Ethiopian and Nigerian Federal Systems. In constitutional terms, both this question and federal systems require a written constitution that serve as a fundamental or basic law and placed hierarchically at the highest peak.